The Diagnostic Procedure — Студопедия ~ The Guardian

Below, some of the most aggressive acts of genocide taken against Indigenous Americans One of the most bitterly debated issues on the floor of Congress was the Indian Removal Bill of 1830 Ghost Dance, which taught that Indians had been defeated and confined to reservations because they had...6. what a scientist does in order to find something out (paragraph IV) _ [1]. Try to find the appropriate words ( exercise 1 ) which suitable for the following sentences?This flashcard is meant to be used for studying, quizzing and learning new information. Many scouting web questions are common questions that are typically seen in the classroom, for homework or on quizzes and tests. Flashcards vary depending on the topic, questions and age group.A New Order: The Second World War ended with the complete destruction of the enemies of Hitler's Germany and his fellow Axis nations. No matter what happens, the world is in perhaps its most turbulent phase, with the Reich and Japan on the brink 8: No genocide, atrocity, or war crime denial.What is the proper order of the following designs if they are to be listed from the one with least amount of control over variables to the most? a. pretest posttest control group, Solomon four-group, quasi-experimental, one-group pertest postest b. one-group pretest posttest, quasi-experimental...

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Many of the times when trauma is thought to have echoed down the generations via epigenetics in humans are linked to the darkest moments in history. Epigenetics is thought to be the link between nature and nurture, where a person's experiences alters how their DNA is read by their cells (Credit...Genocide - Genocide - Recent developments: During the first 50 years after its ratification, the genocide convention lacked effective enforcement mechanisms, despite the fact that it contained provisions to enable the UN to enforce it. Although the convention stipulated that persons charged...We are the part of Europe that Europe sacrifices to its pro-Western unity. Therefore, those humanistic conclusions that the European intellectuals tried to draw from the Second World War and which at first sounded to us as conclusions of world significance that should change the consciousness of the planet!For the most history punishment has been both painful and public in order to act as deterrent, to others. One of the most common punishments for petty offences was the pillory, which stood in the main square of towns. The offender was locked by hands and head into the device and made to stand...

Which Is The Proper Order Of Genocides From Earliest To Most...

Which action did the South African government take after the end of the apartheid system? Many newly independent Latin American countries went to war with each other. Which factors led to disputes? Choose two answers natural resourses colon … ization land forms of government religious...PG is the linguistic ancestor or the parent-language of the Germanic group. It is supposed to have split from related IE tongues sometime between the This place is regarded as the most probable original home of the Teutons. It is here that they developed their first specifically Germanic linguistic features...Most of the dead were Tutsis - and most of those who perpetrated the violence were Hutus. Mr Kagame vehemently denies this and says it was the work of Hutu extremists, in order to But the death of the president was by no means the only cause of Africa's largest genocide in modern times.This states that the most geologic recent layers are those at the top, the oldest at the bottom. Additionally, index fossils, those of rapidly evolving organisms, can be correlated to Victoria was the oldest diva at 38 years old until her recent leave from the company. She was born February 10 1971.Holocaust - it was the extermination of some 6 million European Jews between 1941 and 1945 by the German Nazi. Cambodian - A communist group known as the Khmer Rouge, led by Pol Pot seized control of Cambodia killing 1.8 million people by 1975. Darfur - it was the first genocide of the 21st...

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Part of a chain onGenocide Issues List by means of dying toll Chronological checklist Cultural genocide Genocidal rape Genocidal bloodbath Utilitarian genocide Incitement to genocide Psychology Denial Risk factors Prevention Effects on adolescence Studies Perpetrators, victims, and bystanders War and genocide Genocide of indigenous peoples Dzungar genocide, 1750s Black War, 1825–1831 Moriori genocide, 1835-c.1860 California genocide, 1846–1873 Circassian genocide, 1860s Selk'nam genocide, 1890s–1900s Herero and Namaqua genocide, 1904–1907 Late Ottoman genocides Greeks, 1914–1922 Assyrians, 1914–1924 Armenians, 1915–1923 World War II (1941–1945) The Holocaust Romani genocide Nazi crimes against the Polish country Genocide of Serbs by way of the Ustashe Population transfer in the Soviet Union Genocide of Bosniaks and Croats by the Chetniks Cold War Bangladesh genocide (1971) East Timor genocide (1974–1999) Cambodian genocide (1975–1979) Guatemalan genocide (1981–1983) Anfal genocide (1986–1989) Genocides in postcolonial Africa Ikiza genocide (1972) Gukurahundi (1983-1987) Isaaq genocide (1988–1989) Rwandan genocide (1994) Massacres of Hutus all the way through the First Congo War (1996–1997) Darfur genocide (2003–) Ethno-religious genocides in recent technology Bosnian genocide (1995) Yazidi genocide (2014–2019) Uyghur genocide (2014–) Rohingya genocide (2017–) Related subjects Democide Ethnic cleansing Ethnocide Forced assimilation Mass killings beneath communist regimes Holodomor genocide question Anti-communist mass killings Atrocities in the Congo Free State Categoryvte Skulls of sufferers of the Rwandan genocide

Genocide is the planned and systematic destruction, in whole or partially, of an ethnic, racial, devout or nationwide crew. The time period used to be coined in 1944 via Raphael Lemkin. It is outlined in Article 2 of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG) of 1948 as "any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such: killing members of the group; causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; deliberately inflicting on the groups conditions of life, calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; [and] forcibly transferring children of the group to another group."[1]

The preamble to the CPPCG states that "genocide is a crime under international law, contrary to the spirit and aims of the United Nations and condemned by the civilized world" and that "at all periods of history genocide has inflicted great losses on humanity."[1]

Determining what ancient occasions represent a genocide and which are simply criminal or inhuman behavior is now not a simple subject. In just about each and every case the place accusations of genocide have circulated, partisans of various facets have fiercely disputed the details and interpretation of the event, ceaselessly to the point of depicting wildly different variations of the details.

For reasons of size, this text is broken into 3 parts:

Genocides in historical past (sooner than World War I) Genocides in history (World War I through World War II) Genocides in history (after World War II)

Alternate definitions

International prosecution

Ad hoc tribunals

In 1951 simplest two of the 5 everlasting participants of the UN Security Council (UNSC) were events to the CPPCG: France and the Republic of China(Taiwan). The CPPCG was once ratified by means of the Soviet Union in 1954, the United Kingdom in 1970, the People's Republic of China in 1983 (having replaced the Taiwan-based Republic of China on the UNSC in 1971), and the United States in 1988. In the Nineteen Nineties the international law on the crime of genocide started to be enforced.

Bosnia and Herzegovina See also: Bosnian genocide and Srebrenica massacre Exhumed mass grave of Srebrenica massacre victims in 2007

In July 1995 Serbian forces killed greater than 8,000[8][9]Bosniaks (Bosnian Muslims), principally men and boys, both in and around the the town of Srebrenica all through the Bosnian War. The killing used to be perpetrated via gadgets of the Army of Republika Srpska (VRS) which were underneath the command of General Ratko Mladić. The Secretary-General of the United Nations described the mass murder as the worst crime on European soil since the Second World War.[10][11] A paramilitary unit from Serbia known as the Scorpions, formally an element of the Serbian Interior Ministry until 1991, participated in the bloodbath,[12][13] in conjunction with several hundred Russian and Greek volunteers.[14]

In 2001 the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) delivered its first conviction for the crime of genocide, against General Krstić for his role in the 1995 Srebrenica massacre (on enchantment he was discovered no longer accountable of genocide however used to be as a substitute found in charge of helping and abetting genocide).[15]

In February 2007 the International Court of Justice (ICJ) returned a judgement in the Bosnian Genocide Case. It upheld the ICTY's findings that genocide were dedicated in and around Srebrenica but did not in finding that genocide had been dedicated on the wider territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina throughout the war. The ICJ additionally dominated that Serbia was no longer responsible for the genocide nor was once it accountable for "aiding and abetting it", even supposing it dominated that Serbia can have accomplished extra to prevent the genocide and that Serbia failed to punish the perpetrators.[16] Before this ruling the term Bosnian Genocide were utilized by some teachers[17] and human rights officers.[18]

In 2010, Vujadin Popović, Lieutenant Colonel and the Chief of Security of the Drina Corps of the Bosnian Serb Army, and Ljubiša Beara, Colonel and Chief of Security of the similar military, were convicted of genocide, extermination, murder and persecution by means of the ICTY for their role in the Srebrenica bloodbath and were every sentenced to life in prison.[19] In 2016 and 2017, Radovan Karadžić[20] and Ratko Mladić have been sentenced for genocide.[21]

German courts handed down convictions for genocide right through the Bosnian War. Novislav Djajic used to be indicted for his participation in the genocide, but the Higher Regional Court failed to find that there used to be sufficient simple task for a prison conviction for genocide. Nevertheless, Djajic was once found to blame of 14 counts of homicide and one rely of attempted murder.[22] At Djajic's enchantment on 23 May 1997, the Bavarian Appeals Chamber found that acts of genocide have been committed in June 1992, confined inside the administrative district of Foca.[23] The Higher Regional Court (Oberlandesgericht) of Düsseldorf, in September 1997, handed down a genocide conviction towards Nikola Jorgic, a Bosnian Serb from the Doboj region who was the leader of a paramilitary workforce located in the Doboj region. He used to be sentenced to four phrases of life imprisonment for his involvement in genocidal actions that came about in areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as opposed to Srebrenica;[24] and "On 29 November 1999, the Higher Regional Court (Oberlandesgericht) of Düsseldorf condemned Maksim Sokolovic to 9 years in prison for aiding and abetting the crime of genocide and for grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions."[25]

Rwanda

The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) is a court under the auspices of the United Nations for the prosecution of offences dedicated in Rwanda all over the genocide that came about there all through April and May 1994, commencing on 6 April. The ICTR was created on 8 November 1994 by means of the UN Security Council to get to the bottom of claims in Rwanda, or by means of Rwandan citizens in within reach states, between 1 January and 31 December 1994. For approximately 100 days from the assassination of President Juvénal Habyarimana on 6 April via mid-July, a minimum of 800,000 people have been killed, in accordance to a Human Rights Watch estimate.

As of mid-2011, the ICTR had convicted 57 other folks and acquitted 8. Another ten individuals had been nonetheless on trial while one is looking forward to trial. Nine remain at massive.[26] The first trial, of Jean-Paul Akayesu, led to 1998 together with his conviction for genocide and crimes towards humanity.[27] This was once the international's first conviction for genocide, as outlined by means of the 1948 Convention. Jean Kambanda, period in-between Prime Minister during the genocide, pleaded responsible.

Cambodia See additionally: The Killing Fields, Autogenocide, Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum, Cambodian genocide, and Cambodian genocide denial Skulls at the Choeung Ek memorial in Cambodia

The Khmer Rouge, led by means of Pol Pot, Ta Mok and other leaders, organized the mass killing of ideologically suspect teams, ethnic minorities such as ethnic Vietnamese, Chinese (or Sino-Khmers), Chams and Thais, former civil servants, former government soldiers, Buddhist clergymen, secular intellectuals and pros, and former town dwellers. Khmer Rouge cadres defeated in factional struggles had been additionally liquidated in purges. Man-made famine and slave labor resulted in many loads of 1000's of deaths.[28] Craig Etcheson prompt that the death toll was once between 2 and a pair of.5 million, with a "most likely" determine of 2.2 million. After 5 years of researching 20,000 grave websites, he concluded that "these mass graves contain the remains of 1,386,734 victims of execution."[29] However, some scholars argued that the Khmer Rouge were not racist and had no intention of exterminating ethnic minorities or the Cambodian other people; on this view, their brutality used to be the product of an excessive version of communist ideology.[30]

On 6 June 2003 the Cambodian govt and the United Nations reached an agreement to arrange the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC), which would focus solely on crimes dedicated by the most senior Khmer Rouge officers all the way through the period of Khmer Rouge rule from 1975 to 1979.[31] The judges had been sworn in in early July 2006.[32]

The investigating judges were introduced with the names of five imaginable suspects by means of the prosecution on 18 July 2007.[32][33]

Khieu Samphan at a public listening to prior to the Pre-Trial Cambodia Tribunal on 3 July 2009. Kang Kek Iew was once officially charged with war crimes and crimes against humanity and detained via the Tribunal on 31 July 2007. He was indicted on fees of war crimes and crimes against humanity on 12 August 2008.[34] His attraction used to be rejected on 3 February 2012, and he endured serving a sentence of lifestyles imprisonment.[35] Nuon Chea, a former prime minister, used to be indicted on charges of genocide, war crimes, crimes in opposition to humanity and a number of other different crimes underneath Cambodian regulation on 15 September 2010. He was once transferred into the custody of the ECCC on 19 September 2007. His trial started on 27 June 2011.[36][37] On 16 November 2018, he used to be sentenced to a lifestyles in jail for genocide.[38] Khieu Samphan, a former head of state, was indicted on fees of genocide, struggle crimes, crimes against humanity and a number of other different crimes underneath Cambodian regulation on 15 September 2010. He used to be transferred into the custody of the ECCC on 19 September 2007. His trial also started on 27 June 2011.[36][37] On 16 November 2018, he used to be sentenced to a existence in jail for genocide.[38] Ieng Sary, a former international minister, was once indicted on fees of genocide, warfare crimes, crimes against humanity and several different crimes below Cambodian regulation on 15 September 2010. He was once transferred into the custody of the ECCC on 12 November 2007. His trial started on 27 June 2011.[36][37] He died in March 2013. Ieng Thirith, wife of Ieng Sary and a former minister for social affairs, was once indicted on fees of genocide, battle crimes, crimes towards humanity and a number of other other crimes under Cambodian law on 15 September 2010. She was once transferred into the custody of the ECCC on 12 November 2007. Proceedings against her have been suspended pending a health analysis.[37][39]

Some of the global jurists and the Cambodian government disagreed over whether or not any other other folks will have to be attempted by the Tribunal.[33]

International Criminal Court See additionally: International Criminal Court

The ICC can only prosecute crimes which were committed on or after 1 July 2002.[40][41]

Darfur, Sudan See also: Second Sudanese Civil War, War in Darfur, and Darfur genocide Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir, wanted via the ICC

The ongoing racial[42][43]battle in Darfur, Sudan, which began in 2003, was declared a genocide by United States Secretary of State Colin Powell on 9 September 2004 in testimony sooner than the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.[44] Since that point alternatively, no other everlasting member of the UN Security Council has adopted go well with. In January 2005, an International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur, licensed by means of UN Security Council Resolution 1564 of 2004, issued a record stating that "the Government of the Sudan has not pursued a policy of genocide."[45] Nevertheless, the Commission cautioned that "The conclusion that no genocidal policy has been pursued and implemented in Darfur by the Government authorities, directly or through the militias under their control, should not be taken in any way as detracting from the gravity of the crimes perpetrated in that region. International offences such as the crimes against humanity and war crimes that have been committed in Darfur may be no less serious and heinous than genocide."[45]

In March 2005, the Security Council formally referred the state of affairs in Darfur to the ICC, making an allowance for the Commission record but without citing any explicit crimes.[46] Two permanent participants of the Security Council, the United States and China, abstained from the vote on the referral solution.[47] As of his fourth record to the Security Council, the Prosecutor found "reasonable grounds to believe that the individuals identified [in the UN Security Council Resolution 1593] have committed crimes against humanity and war crimes", but did not in finding enough proof to prosecute for genocide.[48]

In April 2007, the ICC issued arrest warrants in opposition to the former Minister of State for the Interior, Ahmad Harun, and a Janjaweed armed forces chief, Ali Kushayb, for crimes in opposition to humanity and struggle crimes.[49] On 14 July 2008, the ICC filed ten fees of battle crimes in opposition to Sudan's President Omar al-Bashir, 3 counts of genocide, five of crimes against humanity and two of homicide. Prosecutors claimed that al-Bashir "masterminded and implemented a plan to destroy in substantial part" 3 tribal groups in Darfur because of their ethnicity.[50] On 4 March 2009 the ICC issued a warrant for al-Bashir's arrest for crimes towards humanity and struggle crimes, but no longer for genocide. This is the first warrant issued by the ICC towards a sitting head of state.[51]

See additionally

Anti-communist mass killings Anti-Mongolianism § State-sponsored genocides via the Russian Empire/Soviet Russia, Imperial China/Communist China Black genocide – the notion that African Americans had been subjected to genocide Classicide Command responsibility Crimes in opposition to humanity Crimes in opposition to humanity under Communist regimes Democide – homicide by means of govt, includes ancient genocides and politicides Genocide of indigenous peoples Persecution of Christians by ISIL Genocide of Shias through ISIL Genocide of Yazidis by ISIL Human rights International humanitarian law International law List of occasions named massacres List of genocides by death toll Mass killings underneath Communist regimes

Notes

References

Citations

^ a b .mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .quotation qquotes:"\"""\"""'""'".mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .quotation .cs1-lock-free abackground:linear-gradient(clear,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")correct 0.1em middle/9px no-repeat.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .quotation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:linear-gradient(clear,clear),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")appropriate 0.1em center/9px no-repeat.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .quotation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:linear-gradient(transparent,clear),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")appropriate 0.1em middle/9px no-repeat.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:linear-gradient(clear,clear),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")correct 0.1em middle/12px no-repeat.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintshow:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em.mw-parser-output .quotation .mw-selflinkfont-weight:inherit"Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide". 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Democide versus genocide; which is what?. ^ "Srebrenica-Potočari: spomen obilježje i mezarje za žrtve genocida iz 1995 godine. Liste žrtava prema prezimenu" [Srebrenica-Potocari: Memorial and Cemetery for the victims of the genocide of 1995. Lists of victims via surname] (in Bosnian). 1995. Archived from the original on 18 April 2014. ^ "ICTY: The Conflicts". International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. Retrieved 5 August 2013. Kirsten Nakjavani Bookmiller (2008). The United Nations. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-1438102993. Retrieved 4 August 2013., p. 81. Paul, Christopher; Clarke, Colin P.; Grill, Beth (2010). Victory Has a Thousand Fathers: Sources of Success in Counterinsurgency. Rand Corporation. ISBN 978-0833050786. Retrieved 4 August 2013., p. 25. Simons, Marlise (31 May 2011). "Mladic Arrives in The Hague". 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Radislav Krstic – Trial Chamber I – Judgment – IT-98-33 (2001) ICTY8 (2 August 2001), The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, paragraph 589. bringing up Bavarian Appeals Court, Novislav Djajic case, 23 May 1997, 3 St 20/96, segment VI, p. 24 of the English translation. ^ Oberlandesgericht Düsseldorf, "Public Prosecutor v Jorgic", 26 September 1997 (Trial Watch) Nikola Jorgic Archived 24 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine ^ Trial watch Maksim Sokolovic Archived 6 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine ^ "United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda: Status of Cases". ICTR. Archived from the authentic on 13 August 2011. ^ "United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda: Status of Cases". ICRT. Archived from the original on 2 December 2012. ^ Sliwinski, Marek (1995). Le génocide khmer rouge: une analyse démographique. Harmattan. p. 82. ISBN 978-2-7384-3525-5. ^ Sharp, Bruce (1 April 2005). "Counting Hell: The Death Toll of the Khmer Rouge Regime in Cambodia". Retrieved 13 January 2013. ^ Rosefielde, Steven (2009). Red Holocaust. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-77757-5. ^ "Resolution adopted by the General Assembly: 57/228 Khmer Rouge trials B1" (PDF). United Nations General Assembly. 22 May 2003. Archived from the unique (PDF) on 3 July 2007. Retrieved 11 December 2010. ^ a b Doyle, Kevin (26 July 2007). "Putting the Khmer Rouge on Trial". Time. Retrieved 13 February 2016. MacKinnon, Ian (7 March 2007). "Crisis talks to save Khmer Rouge trial". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 November 2007. "The Khmer Rouge Trial Task Force". Royal Cambodian Government. Archived from the authentic on 3 April 2005. ^ a b Buncombe, Andrew (11 October 2011). "Judge quits Cambodia genocide tribunal". The Independent. London. ^ Munthit, Ker (12 August 2008). "Cambodian tribunal indicts Khmer Rouge jailer". USA Today. Associated Press. Retrieved 5 February 2017. ^ "Kaing Guek Eav alias Duch Sentenced to Life Imprisonment by the Supreme Court Chamber". Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. 3 February 2012. Retrieved 5 February 2017. ^ a b c "Case 002". Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. Archived from the original on 17 May 2011. Retrieved 5 February 2017. ^ a b c d "002/19-09-2007: Closing Order" (PDF). Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. 15 September 2010. Retrieved 5 February 2017. ^ a b "UN genocide adviser welcomes historic conviction of former Khmer Rouge leaders". UN News. 16 November 2018. Retrieved 18 November 2018. ^ "002/19-09-2007: Decision on immediate appeal against Trial Chamber's order to release the accused Ieng Thirith" (PDF). Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. 13 December 2011. Retrieved 5 February 2017. ^ "Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: Article 11". United Nations Office of Legal Affairs. 17 July 1999. Retrieved 4 June 2017. ^ "ICC: About the court". ICC. Archived from the unique on 9 March 2010. Retrieved 6 February 2009. ^ "Witnessing Genocide in Sudan". CBS News. 8 October 2004. Retrieved 10 April 2016. Racism at root of Sudan's Darfur disaster – CSMonitor.com "Humanitarian Intervention in Darfur: A Viable Option?". Turkishweekly.web. 7 November 2008. Archived from the authentic on 8 January 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2013. Encyclopædia Britannica "Sudan country profile". BBC News. 27 April 2010. Retrieved 3 May 2010. ^ "Al-Bashir Arrest Warrant Issued By International Criminal Court". Huffington Post. 4 March 2009. Archived from the authentic on 21 February 2010. The Online NewsHour: Crisis in Sudan | Janjaweed Militia | PBS ^ Powell Declares Killing in Darfur 'Genocide', The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer, 9 September 2004 ^ a b "Report of the International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur to the United Nations Secretary-General" (PDF). United Nations. 25 January 2005. p. 4. Retrieved 5 February 2017. ^ "Security Council Resolution 1593 (2005)" (PDF). United Nations Security Council. 31 March 2005. Archived from the authentic (PDF) on 29 May 2005. ^ Security Council Refers Situation in Darfur, Sudan, to Prosecutor of International Criminal Court, UN Press Release SC/8351, 31 March 2005 ^ "Fourth Report of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, to the Security Council pursuant to UNSC 1593 (2005)" (PDF). International Criminal Court (ICC). 14 December 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 June 2007. ^ "Statement by Mr. Luis Moreno Ocampo, Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, to the United Nations Security Council pursuant to UNSCR 1593 (2005)" (PDF). International Criminal Court (ICC). 5 June 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 August 2008. ^ Walker, Peter (14 July 2008). "Darfur genocide charges for Sudanese president Omar al-Bashir". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 15 July 2008. ^ Staff. Warrant issued for Sudan's leader, BBC, 4 March 2009

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