Obama cleaned out a bunch of these evangelical crazies from the US missile command after the stolen nuclear bombs scandal at Barksdale AF base. - Moscow has repeatedly denied the accusations, provided the US and other countries with information about it, proving its compliance with the INF...The president considers a nuclear strike. The commander-in-chief's power is clear: He or she has The consultation lasts as long as the president wishes, but if enemy missiles are heading toward the The officer reads a "challenge code," often two phonetic letters from the military alphabet, such as...The budget calls for additional spending on nuclear weapons, the upgrading of the country's nuclear-capable ballistic submarine fleet, and the development of a whole new range of long-range weapons that military planners say are necessary for the US to fight a major war with Russia or China.A terrorist attack in a major city with the use of nuclear weapons; A major bank may go bankrupt Deutsche Bank analysts, for example, expect that the era of globalization that began in 1980 will be At the same time, the global debt will continue growing, countries will be increasingly distributing...The world already faces many global challenges, which the coronavirus pandemic has only intensified. Meanwhile, an increasingly alarming and dangerous situation is unfolding in Russia. The recent poisoning and arrest of the opposition politician Alexey Navalny, the political persecution of his...
To Launch a Nuclear Strike, President Trump Would Take These Steps
In 2008, Barack Obama earned 69,498,516 votes in the presidential election, the most ever. Speaking at the White House in the early hours after election night, President Trump falsely claimed he had won the election and vowed to challenge the outcome all the way to the Supreme Court.President Barack Obama will promote the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) at the UN General Assembly, 20 years after the agreement was opened for ratification, the White House announced....of Defense Information Poses Challenge for President Obama's Secrecy Review. Writing to President Nixon before the second series of SALT talks began, chief negotiator and Cuban missile crisis, DEFCON 2, which readies forces for nuclear war, but higher than the usual readiness level.President Obama spoke at American University about the nuclear agreement reached with Iran. He defended the deal, contending that congressional rejection of the deal would leave future administrations with another war in the Middle East as the only option.
Biden budget calls for record military spending, nuclear weapons and...
The US began rolling out a missile defence system in South Korea in response to the latest tests. Speaking on the sidelines of China's annual parliamentary meeting, Mr Wang said the Korean peninsula was like "two accelerating trains, coming toward each other with neither side willing to give way".A nuclear-powered underwater drone called Poseidon, which can carry nuclear warheads hundreds of miles, is tested by the Russian army in this video.An engineer performs a mechanical test on nuclear equipment on Saturday [Iran President's President Hassan Rouhani on Saturday launched several projects across the country via video link Rouhani also gave the order to begin feeding gas to test a number of 30 IR5 centrifuges and 30 IR6s...Constrain worldwide nuclear proliferation by vastly limiting a country's ability to make nuclear advancements that only testing can ensure. During his 2008 presidential election campaign Barack Obama said that "As president, I will reach out to the Senate to secure the ratification of the CTBT at...U.S. President Barack Obama has condemned North Korea's latest nuclear test, saying the international community must stand up to Pyongyang. "North Korea's nuclear and ballistic missile programs pose a grave threat to the peace and security of the world, and I strongly condemn their...
Jump to navigation Jump to go looking Participation within the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Annex 2, signed and ratified Annex 2, handiest signed Annex 2, non-signatory Not Annex 2, signed and ratified Not Annex 2, best signed Not Annex 2, non-signatory
The contracting states to the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) are the states that experience signed and ratified the international agreement banning all nuclear explosions in all environments. Technically they're going to not be "parties" till the treaty enters into power,[1] at which point those states can be Member States of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO), which comes into existence upon entry into pressure of the treaty. Non-contracting states are also indexed, including the ones that are signatories and the ones aren't. States Signatories are Members of the CTBTO Preparatory Commission.
On September 24, 1996, the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) was once opened for signature. All 5 nuclear guns states known underneath the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) signed the treaty, with 66 different states following that day.[2]Fiji changed into the first state to ratify the treaty on October 10, 1996. As of February 2021, 185 states have signed and A hundred and seventy states have ratified the treaty. Most just lately, Cuba signed and ratified the treaty in February 2021.[3][4][5]
Signatures are received at the United Nations Headquarters in New York City via licensed representatives of the state.[6] Ratification is achieved with the approval of either or both chamber of the legislature and executive of the state. The software of ratification serves because the document binding the state to the international treaty and may also be approved most effective with the validating signature of the pinnacle of state or different reputable with full powers to sign it.[7] The device is deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.[8]
Under the CTBT, there are 195 Annex 1 states[9] which include a subset of 44 Annex 2 states.[10]
Annex 1 states are agreed upon via conference and currently include all 193 United Nations member states, the Cook Islands, Holy See and Niue. All Annex 1 states would possibly become participants of the Executive Council, the fundamental decision-making body of the organization accountable for supervising its actions.[11] These states are formally certain to the conditions of the treaty; however, their ratification is not important for the treaty to come into effect (except they're also an Annex 2 state). Annex 2 states are those who formally participated within the 1996 Conference on Disarmament and possessed nuclear energy or analysis reactors on the time.[12] Annex 2 lists the following 44 States: Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Islamic Republic of Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Peru, Poland, Republic of Korea, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, and Vietnam.Eight Annex 2 states have no longer ratified the treaty: China, Egypt, Iran, Israel and the United States have already signed the Treaty, whereas India, North Korea and Pakistan have now not signed it. The treaty will come into drive simplest with the signature and ratification of the above Annex 2 states of the treaty, 180 days after they've all deposited their tools of ratification.[13]
Summary
Status Annex 2 states Not Annex 2 states Total Membership Signed and ratified 36 134 170 Parties to the CTBTMember States of the CTBT Preparatory CommissionMember States of the CTBTO (after access into power) Only signed 5 10 15 Member States of the CTBT Preparatory Commission Non-signatory 3 8 11 Total 44 152 196Ratifying states
State[5][3] Annex Signed Ratified Afghanistan 1 Sep 24, 2003 Sep 24, 2003 Albania 1 Sep 27, 1996 Apr 23, 2003 Algeria 1, 2 Oct 15, 1996 Jul 11, 2003 Andorra 1 Sep 24, 1996 Jul 12, 2006 Angola 1 Sep 27, 1996 Mar 20, 2015 Antigua and Barbuda 1 Apr 16, 1997 Jan 11, 2006 Argentina 1, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Dec 4, 1998 Armenia 1 Oct 1, 1996 Jul 12, 2006 Australia 1, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Jul 9, 1998 Austria 1, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Mar 13, 1998 Azerbaijan 1 Jul 28, 1997 Feb 2, 1999 Bahamas 1 Feb 4, 2005 Nov 30, 2007 Bahrain 1 Sep 24, 1996 Apr 12, 2004 Bangladesh 1, 2 Oct 24, 1996 Mar 8, 2000 Barbados 1 Jan 14, 2008 Jan 14, 2008 Belarus 1 Sep 24, 1996 Sep 13, 2000 Belgium 1, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Jun 29, 1999 Belize 1 Nov 14, 2001 Mar 26, 2004 Benin 1 Sep 27, 1996 Mar 6, 2001 Bolivia 1 Sep 24, 1996 Oct 4, 1999 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 Sep 24, 1996 Oct 26, 2006 Botswana 1 Sep 16, 2002 Oct 28, 2002 Brazil 1, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Jul 24, 1998 Brunei 1 Jan 22, 1997 Jan 10, 2013 Bulgaria 1, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Sep 29, 1999 Burkina Faso 1 Sep 27, 1996 Apr 17, 2002 Burundi 1 Sep 24, 1996 Sep 24, 2008 Cabo Verde 1 Oct 1, 1996 Mar 1, 2006 Cambodia 1 Sep 26, 1996 Nov 10, 2000 Cameroon 1 Nov 16, 2001 Feb 6, 2006 Canada 1, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Dec 18, 1998 Central African Republic 1 Dec 19, 2001 May 26, 2010 Chad 1 Oct 18, 1996 Feb 8, 2013 Chile 1, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Jul 12, 2000 Colombia 1, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Jan 29, 2008 Comoros 1 Dec 12, 1996 Feb 19, 2021 Democratic Republic of the Congo 1, 2 Oct 4, 1996 Sep 28, 2004 Republic of the Congo 1 Feb 11, 1997 Sep 2, 2014 Cook Islands 1 Dec 5, 1997 Sep 6, 2005 Costa Rica 1 Sep 24, 1996 Sep 25, 2001 Côte d'Ivoire 1 Sep 25, 1996 Mar 11, 2003 Croatia 1 Sep 24, 1996 Mar 2, 2001 Cuba 1 Feb 4, 2021 Feb 4, 2021 Cyprus 1 Sep 24, 1996 Jul 18, 2003 Czech Republic 1 Nov 12, 1996 Sep 11, 1997 Denmark 1 Sep 24, 1996 Dec 21, 1998 Djibouti 1 Oct 21, 1996 Jul 15, 2005 Dominican Republic 1 Oct 3, 1996 Sep 4, 2007 Ecuador 1 Sep 24, 1996 Nov 12, 2001 El Salvador 1 Sep 24, 1996 Sep 11, 1998 Eritrea 1 Nov 11, 2003 Nov 11, 2003 Estonia 1 Nov 20, 1996 Aug 13, 1999 Ethiopia 1 Sep 25, 1996 Aug 8, 2006 Federated States of Micronesia 1 Sep 24, 1996 Jul 25, 1997 Fiji 1 Sep 24, 1996 Oct 10, 1996 Finland 1, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Jan 15, 1999 France 1, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Apr 6, 1998 Gabon 1 Oct 7, 1996 Sep 20, 2000 Georgia 1 Sep 24, 1996 Sep 27, 2002 Germany 1, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Aug 20, 1998 Ghana 1 Oct 3, 1996 Jun 14, 2011 Greece 1 Sep 24, 1996 Apr 21, 1999 Grenada 1 Oct 10, 1996 Aug 19, 1998 Guatemala 1 Sep 20, 1999 Jan 12, 2012 Guinea 1 Oct 3, 1996 Sep 20, 2011 Guinea-Bissau 1 Apr 11, 1997 Sep 24, 2013 Guyana 1 Sep 7, 2000 Mar 7, 2001 Haiti 1 Sep 24, 1996 Dec 1, 2005 Holy See 1 Sep 24, 1996 Jul 18, 2001 Honduras 1 Sep 25, 1996 Oct 30, 2003 Hungary 1, 2 Sep 25, 1996 Jul 13, 1999 Iceland 1 Sep 24, 1996 Jun 26, 2000 Indonesia 1, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Feb 6, 2012 Iraq 1 Aug 19, 2008 Sep 26, 2013 Ireland 1 Sep 24, 1996 Jul 15, 1999 Italy 1, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Feb 1, 1999 Jamaica 1 Nov 11, 1996 Nov 13, 2001 Japan 1, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Jul 8, 1997 Jordan 1 Sep 26, 1996 Aug 25, 1998 Kazakhstan 1 Sep 30, 1996 May 14, 2002 Kenya 1 Nov 14, 1996 Nov 30, 2000 Kiribati 1 Sep 7, 2000 Sep 7, 2000 Kuwait 1 Sep 24, 1996 May 6, 2003 Kyrgyzstan 1 Oct 8, 1996 Oct 2, 2003 Laos 1 Jul 30, 1997 Oct 5, 2000 Latvia 1 Sep 24, 1996 Nov 20, 2001 Lebanon 1 Sep 16, 2005 Nov 11, 2008 Lesotho 1 Sep 30, 1996 Sep 14, 1999 Liberia 1 Oct 1, 1996 Aug 17, 2009 Libya 1 Nov 13, 2001 Jan 6, 2004 Liechtenstein 1 Sep 27, 1996 Sep 21, 2004 Lithuania 1 Oct 7, 1996 Feb 7, 2000 Luxembourg 1 Sep 24, 1996 May 26, 1999 Macedonia 1 Oct 29, 1998 Mar 14, 2000 Madagascar 1 Oct 9, 1996 Sep 15, 2005 Malawi 1 Oct 9, 1996 Nov 11, 2008 Malaysia 1 Jul 23, 1998 Jan 17, 2008 Maldives 1 Oct 1, 1997 Sep 7, 2000 Mali 1 Feb 18, 1997 Aug 4, 1999 Malta 1 Sep 24, 1996 Jul 23, 2001 Marshall Islands 1 Sep 24, 1996 Oct 28, 2009 Mauritania 1 Sep 24, 1996 Apr 30, 2003 Mexico 1, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Oct 5, 1999 Moldova 1 Sep 24, 1997 Jan 16, 2007 Monaco 1 Oct 1, 1996 Dec 18, 1998 Mongolia 1 Oct 1, 1996 Aug 8, 1997 Montenegro(succession from Serbia and Montenegro) 1 Oct 23, 2006 Oct 23, 2006 Morocco 1 Sep 24, 1996 Apr 17, 2000 Mozambique 1 Sep 26, 1996 Nov 4, 2008 Myanmar 1 Nov 25, 1996 Sep 21, 2016 Namibia 1 Sep 24, 1996 Jun 29, 2001 Nauru 1 Sep 8, 2000 Nov 12, 2001 Netherlands 1, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Mar 23, 1999 New Zealand 1 Sep 27, 1996 Mar 19, 1999 Nicaragua 1 Sep 24, 1996 Dec 5, 2000 Niger 1 Oct 3, 1996 Sep 9, 2002 Nigeria 1 Sep 8, 2000 Sep 27, 2001 Niue 1 Apr 9, 2012 Mar 4, 2014 Norway 1, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Jul 15, 1999 Oman 1 Sep 23, 1999 Jun 13, 2003 Palau 1 Aug 12, 2003 Aug 1, 2007 Panama 1 Sep 24, 1996 Mar 23, 1999 Paraguay 1 Sep 25, 1996 Oct 4, 2001 Peru 1, 2 Sep 25, 1996 Nov 12, 1997 Philippines 1 Sep 24, 1996 Feb 23, 2001 Poland 1, 2 Sep 24, 1996 May 25, 1999 Portugal 1 Sep 24, 1996 Jun 26, 2000 Qatar 1 Sep 24, 1996 Mar 3, 1997 Romania 1, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Oct 5, 1999 Russia 1, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Jun 30, 2000 Rwanda 1 Nov 30, 2004 Nov 30, 2004 Saint Kitts and Nevis 1 Mar 23, 2004 Apr 27, 2005 Saint Lucia 1 Oct 4, 1996 Apr 5, 2001 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1 Jul 2, 2009 Sep 23, 2009 Samoa 1 Oct 9, 1996 Sep 27, 2002 San Marino 1 Oct 7, 1996 Mar 12, 2002 Senegal 1 Sep 26, 1996 Jun 9, 1999 Serbia(continuing the membership of Serbia and Montenegro) 1 Jun 8, 2001 May 19, 2004 Seychelles 1 Sep 24, 1996 Apr 13, 2004 Sierra Leone 1 Sep 8, 2000 Sep 17, 2001 Singapore 1 Jan 14, 1999 Nov 10, 2001 Slovakia 1, 2 Sep 30, 1996 Mar 3, 1998 Slovenia 1 Sep 24, 1996 Aug 31, 1999 South Africa 1, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Mar 30, 1999 South Korea 1, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Sep 24, 1999 Spain 1, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Jul 31, 1998 Sudan 1 Jun 10, 2004 Jun 10, 2004 Suriname 1 Jan 14, 1997 Feb 7, 2006 Swaziland 1 Sep 24, 1996 Sep 21, 2016 Sweden 1, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Dec 2, 1998 Switzerland 1, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Oct 1, 1999 Tajikistan 1 Oct 7, 1996 Jun 10, 1998 Tanzania 1 Sep 30, 2004 Sep 30, 2004 Thailand 1 Nov 12, 1996 Sep 25, 2018 Togo 1 Oct 2, 1996 Jul 2, 2004 Trinidad and Tobago 1 Oct 8, 2009 May 26, 2010 Tunisia 1 Oct 16, 1996 Sep 23, 2004 Turkey 1, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Feb 16, 2000 Turkmenistan 1 Sep 24, 1996 Feb 20, 1998 Uganda 1 Nov 7, 1996 Mar 14, 2001 Ukraine 1, 2 Sep 27, 1996 Feb 23, 2001 United Arab Emirates 1 Sep 25, 1996 Sep 18, 2000 United Kingdom 1, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Apr 6, 1998 Uruguay 1 Sep 24, 1996 Sep 21, 2001 Uzbekistan 1 Oct 3, 1996 May 29, 1997 Vanuatu 1 Sep 24, 1996 Sep 16, 2005 Venezuela 1 Oct 3, 1996 May 13, 2002 Vietnam 1, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Mar 10, 2006 Zambia 1 Dec 3, 1996 Feb 23, 2006 Zimbabwe 1 Oct 13, 1999 Feb 13, 2019Signatory states
The following 15 states have signed however now not ratified the treaty.
State[5][3] Annex Signed China 1, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Egypt 1, 2 Oct 14, 1996 Equatorial Guinea 1 Oct 9, 1996 Gambia 1 Apr 9, 2003 Iran 1, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Israel 1, 2 Sep 25, 1996 Nepal 1 Oct 8, 1996 Papua New Guinea 1 Sep 25, 1996 São Tomé and Príncipe 1 Sep 26, 1996 Solomon Islands 1 Oct 3, 1996 Sri Lanka 1 Oct 24, 1996 Timor-Leste 1 Sep 26, 2008 Tuvalu 1 Sep 25, 2018 United States 1, 2 Sep 24, 1996 Yemen 1 Sep 30, 1996Non-signatory states
The following eleven UN member states, in addition to the UN observer State of Palestine, have neither signed nor acceded to the treaty.
State Annex Bhutan 1 Dominica 1 India 1, 2 Mauritius 1 North Korea 1, 2 Pakistan 1, 2 Saudi Arabia 1 Somalia 1 South Sudan 1 Syria 1 Tonga 1Ratification growth
IndiaIn 1998, India mentioned it will handiest sign the treaty if the United States offered a agenda for eliminating its nuclear stockpile, a condition the United States rejected.[14]
IsraelIn 2016, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said that its ratification was once dependent upon "the regional context and the appropriate timing".[15]
United StatesThe United States has signed the CTBT, but no longer ratified it; there's ongoing debate whether to ratify the CTBT.
The United States has stated that its ratification of the CTBT is conditional upon:
A: The behavior of a Science Based Stockpile Stewardship Program to verify a prime stage of confidence within the protection and reliability of nuclear guns within the lively stockpile, including the behavior of a broad vary of effective and proceeding experimental techniques.B: The repairs of recent nuclear laboratory facilities and methods in theoretical and exploratory nuclear generation which will attract, retain, and ensure the continuing utility of our human scientific sources to these methods on which persevered progress in nuclear generation depends.C: The maintenance of the basic capability to resume nuclear check actions prohibited by the CTBT will have to the United States cease to be certain to stick to this treaty.D: Continuation of a complete research and development program to enhance our treaty monitoring capabilities and operations.E: The proceeding development of a wide range of intelligence accumulating and analytical functions and operations to ensure accurate and complete data on worldwide nuclear arsenals, nuclear guns development methods, and related nuclear systems.F: The working out that if the President of the United States is knowledgeable through the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Energy (DOE) – steered via the Nuclear Weapons Council, the Directors of DOE's nuclear guns laboratories and the Commander of the U.S. Strategic Command – that a high degree of confidence in the protection or reliability of a nuclear weapon kind which the two Secretaries believe to be crucial to the U.S. nuclear deterrent may just no longer be certified, the President, in session with Congress, would be prepared to withdraw from the CTBT underneath the usual "supreme national interests" clause with a view to habits whatever testing may well be required.[16]Proponents of ratification claim that it would:
Establish an international norm that may push other nuclear-capable countries like North Korea, Pakistan, and India to sign. Constrain worldwide nuclear proliferation by way of vastly proscribing a country's ability to make nuclear developments that handiest trying out can make certain. Not compromise US nationwide security for the reason that Science Based Stockpile Stewardship Program serves as a manner for keeping up present US nuclear features with out bodily detonation.[17]Opponents of ratification declare that:
The treaty is unverifiable and that different countries could simply cheat. The talent to put into effect the treaty was doubtful. The U.S. nuclear stockpile would no longer be as protected or reliable within the absence of checking out. The benefit to nuclear nonproliferation used to be minimum.[18]On 13 October 1999, the United States Senate rejected ratification of the CTBT. During his 2008 presidential election marketing campaign Barack Obama said that "As president, I will reach out to the Senate to secure the ratification of the CTBT at the earliest practical date."[19] In his speech in Prague on 5 April 2009, he announced that "[To] succeed in a global ban on nuclear trying out, my management will immediately and aggressively pursue U.S. ratification of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. After greater than 5 many years of talks, it's time for the testing of nuclear guns to in any case be banned."[20]
An article in Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists describes how a North Korean underground nuclear check on 25 May 2009 was once detected and the supply positioned through GPS satellites. The authors counsel that the effectiveness of GPS satellites for detecting nuclear explosions complements the power to verify compliance with the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, giving the United States extra reason to ratify it.[21]
See additionally
List of events to the Biological Weapons Convention List of parties to the Chemical Weapons Convention List of parties to the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons List of parties to the Ottawa Treaty List of parties to the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty List of parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons List of parties to the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons List of events to guns of mass destruction treatiesReferences
^ .mw-parser-output cite.quotationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .quotation qquotes:"\"""\"""'""'".mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:linear-gradient(clear,clear),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em middle/9px no-repeat.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")appropriate 0.1em middle/9px no-repeat.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .quotation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:linear-gradient(clear,clear),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")correct 0.1em heart/9px no-repeat.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolour:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:lend a hand.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:linear-gradient(clear,clear),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")appropriate 0.1em heart/12px no-repeat.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolour:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintshow:none;colour:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em.mw-parser-output .quotation .mw-selflinkfont-weight:inherit"Definition of key terms used in the UN Treaty Collection". United Nations. Archived from the original on 1 January 2013. Retrieved 14 January 2013. ^ "When did the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty open for signature?". CTBTO Preparatory Commission. Retrieved 2008-07-09. ^ a b c "Status of signature and ratification: CTBTO Preparatory Commission". CTBTO Preparatory Commission. 2010-05-26. Retrieved 2010-05-27. ^ "Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty". United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs. Retrieved 2013-02-24. ^ a b c "Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty". United Nations Treaty Collection. 2013-02-24. Retrieved 2013-02-24. ^ "How does a State sign the Treaty?". CTBTO Preparatory Commission. Retrieved 2008-07-09. ^ "How does a State ratify the Treaty?". CTBTO Preparatory Commission. Retrieved 2008-07-09. ^ "How does a State deposit its instrument of ratification?". CTBTO Preparatory Commission. Retrieved 2008-07-09. ^ "Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty". United Nations. Retrieved 2008-07-09. (Article II, Paragraph 28) ^ "Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty". United Nations. Retrieved 2008-07-09. (Article XIV) ^ "Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty". United Nations. Retrieved 2008-08-02. (Article I, Section C) ^ "What are the Annex 2 States?". CTBTO Preparatory Commission. Retrieved 2008-07-09. ^ "When will the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty enter into force?". CTBTO Preparatory Commission. Retrieved 2008-07-09. ^ Enver, Masud. "Rebuffed by U.S., India, Pakistan Storm Nuclear Club". The Wisdom Fund. Retrieved 8 January 2012. ^ "Israel confirms it'll ratify nuke test ban 'at the right time'". Times of Israel. 2016-06-20. Retrieved 2016-06-20. ^ Jonathan Medalia (2 June 2005). "Nuclear Weapons: Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty". Congressional Research Service, The Library of Congress (US). Archived from the original on 23 January 2012. Retrieved 4 December 2011. ^ "Press Release: U.S. Stockpile Security and International Monitoring Capabilities Strengthened, Says New Report on Technical Issues Behind the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty". National Research Council of the National Academies. 30 March 2012. Retrieved 21 May 2012. ^ http://adamvn1.wordpress.com/tag/ctbt/ Kathleen Bailey and Robert Barker, "Why the United States Should Unsign the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty and Resume Nuclear Testing," Comparative Strategy 22 (2003): 131 ^ "Nuclear Testing Is an Acceptable Risk for Arms Control". Scientific American. March 2009. Retrieved 4 December 2011. ^ "Remarks by President Barack Obama, Hradcany Square, Prague, Czech Republic". whitehouse.gov. 5 April 2005. Retrieved 21 May 2012 – via National Archives. ^ Park, J., Grejner-Brzezinska, D., von Frese, R. (18 August 2011). "A new way to detect secret nuclear tests: GPS". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.CS1 maint: more than one names: authors checklist (hyperlink)
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